Start on the upper left of each diagram, and move to the right, then down the last 2 boxes in the centre. Letters are written in alphabetical order, in steps of 5 for the left hand diagram, 6 for the next, then 7, then 8.
Split the circle into 4 quarters, horizontally and vertically, with 2 segments each. Starting with the top left segment, the sum of the numerical values of the letters in the 2 segments equals 15. The sum of the next pair of segments clockwise equals 16, then 17, then 18.
Start on the top left and move down, then right one space and up etc in a snakes and ladders pattern. Letters advance through the alphabet in steps of 5.
Start with the letters in the left hand circle. Subtract 3 from the numerical values of each letter, and put the letter with this value in the corresponding segments of the upper circle. Repeat this pattern, adding 3 to the numerical values of the letters, and putting the results in corresponding segments of the lower circle.