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The ratio N_f/N_d is known as shape factor, where N_f is the number of flow lines and N_d is the number of equipotential drops. Flow net is always drawn with a constant b/a ratio, where b and a are distances between two consecutive flow lines and equipotential lines, respectively. Assuming that b/a ratio remains the same, the shape factor of aflow net will change if the

upstream and downstream heads are interchanged

soil in the flow space is changed

dimensions of the flow space are changed

head difference causing the flow is changed

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